Jan 9, 2025
What is EPR?
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a policy framework that makes producers responsible for the environmental impact of their products throughout their entire lifecycle. This includes collection, recycling, and proper disposal at the product’s end-of-life.
Why does EPR exist?
The fundamental idea behind EPR is to tackle the growing environmental impact of consumer products by changing how they’re designed, used, and disposed of. Instead of placing the burden on governments or consumers, EPR policies hold companies directly accountable for their products throughout their entire lifecycle.
Today, EPR is integral to the European Green Deal, influencing policies such as the upcoming Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) and significantly shaping retail sustainability efforts.
Who is responsible under EPR?
EPR laws apply to companies that manufacture, import, or sell products covered by EPR rules. These include:
• Producers – Companies that manufacture or assemble products.
• Importers – Businesses that import products into a country with EPR laws.
• Retailers & Online sellers – If selling directly to consumers, they may need to comply.
If you sell in multiple countries, you may need to register for EPR compliance in each country separately.
Which products are affected by EPR?
EPR covers a wide range of product categories, primarily focusing on packaging. The exact obligations vary by country, but common categories include:
1. Packaging
Primary packaging – Closest to the product (e.g., food cans, beverage bottles).
Secondary packaging – Groups products together for handling or sale (e.g., shrink wrap, cartons).
Tertiary packaging – Used for transport and storage (e.g., pallets, crates).
Service packaging – Used during point of sale (e.g., plastic bags).
Reusable packaging – Designed to be reused for the same purpose (registration required from January 1, 2025).
2. Electronics
Covered under the WEEE Directive (e.g., smartphones, household appliances).
3. Batteries
Covered under the EU Batteries Regulation (e.g., lithium, alkaline, and industrial batteries).
4. Textiles
There is no dedicated EU-wide directive yet, but the upcoming Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) will likely cover textiles.
5. Other Products
Certain product categories are regulated under national or sector-specific EPR schemes:
• Tyres – Regulated under national EPR systems in some countries.
• Furniture – Included in several member states’ EPR schemes.
• Chemicals – Regulated under the REACH Regulation for chemical safety and environmental impact.
How does EPR work?
Complying with EPR involves more than just paying fees—it requires businesses to take full responsibility for the environmental impact of their products. To meet EPR requirements, companies need to:
• Register with EPR schemes in each country where their products are sold.
• Report the amount and type of packaging or products introduced to the market.
• Pay fees based on product type, weight, and recyclability.
• Ensure proper recycling by working with approved waste management partners.
EPR creates a direct link between the products you sell and the responsibility for their end-of-life management.
What happens if a company doesn’t comply?
Failure to comply with EPR regulations can lead to:
Fines and penalties
Product bans in certain markets
Legal action from regulators
Reputational damage for non-sustainable practices
